We are able to provide free student/postdoc/technician registration (€330) for five successful applicants who will be selected by members of the organising committee and a representative of GARNet.
Eligibility: At the time of the
meeting the applicant must a UK-based researcher who is within 10 years of
graduating from their undergraduate degree. The applicant must present a poster
or talk at the EMBO Workshop.
Successful applicants will be required to provide a 500-word summary about their experiences at the EMBO Workshop for publication in the GARNish newsletter or on the GARNet blog. GARNet will interact with the organisers at EMBO to ensure that the registration fee is waived for successful applicants. We will let applicants know that they have been successful by Wednesday April 8th 2021.
Chiara Airoldi talks to GARNet about her recent paper published in Nature Plants entitled ‘TTG1 proteins regulate circadian activity as well as epidermal cell fate and pigmentation’. This work was conducted at the University of Cambridge in the labs of Beverly Glover and Alex Webb and brings together a fascinating evolutionary story of gene family subfunctionalization and the regulation of the circadian clock. Thanks to Chiara for taking the time to chat!
This bumper edition of the GARNet Research Roundup begins with three
papers that have a focus on the circadian clock. First is from Cambridge
and looks at a novel role for TTG1 in control of the clock. The second
paper also includes co-authors from Cambridge and looks at the clock
Evening Complex. The final clock paper includes co-authors from York and
looks at the new roles for EARLY FLOWERING 3 and GIGANTEA.
The
next four papers include researchers from the John Innes Centre. Yiling
Ding’s lab lead an exciting study into the role of RNA G-quadruplex to
define liquid-liquid phase separations. Next David Seung and Alison
Baker look at production of amylose starch across Arabidopsis
accessions. The third JIC paper is from the Charpentier lab and looks at
nuclear calcium signaling in the root. Finally Lars Ostergaard is a
co-author on a paper that identifies a novel biostimulant that controls
podshatter in Brassica.
The eighth paper is from Glasgow and describes the bioengineering of plants to express a novel antibiotic bacteriocin.
Next are three papers introduce exciting new research tools. 1.
Weibei Yang in the Meyerowitz lab introduces a method for co-labeling of
RNAs and protein 2. Researchers in Nottingham introduce RootNav2.0 for
the automated measurement of root archtiectures 3. The Haydon Lab has
developed a GAL4-GFP luciferase system for tissue-specific gene
expression analysis.
Two Photosynthesis-based papers come next with firstly an analysis on
the link between metabolism and the light response curve (from
Manchester) and secondly a look at the role of aquaporins in control of
CO2 conductance (Cambridge and Lancaster).
The fourteenth paper is from Durham and characterises an important
protein regulator of the autophagy-dependent degradation pathway whilst
the fifteenth is from Cambridge and uses cryo-SEM to analyse cell wall
structures.
The penultimate paper is from Birmingham and looks at the role of
redox signaling in aphid fecundity and the final paper includes
co-authors from RHUL and looks at the interaction between the E2FB and
RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED proteins.
Airoldi CA, Hearn TJ, Brockington SF, Webb AAR, Glover BJ (2019) TTG1 proteins regulate circadian activity as well as epidermal cell fate and pigmentation. Nat Plants. doi: 10.1038/s41477-019-0544-3
This study from the University of Cambridge is led by Chiara Airoldi and
introduces a new role for the TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1)
WD-repeat (WDR) subfamily in the regulation of the circadian clock. TTG1
regulates epidermal cell differentiation and pigment production, while
LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 and LIGHT-REGULATED WD2A are known to regulate the
clock. The triple lwd1 lwd2 ttg1 mutant has no detectable
circadian rhythym. This suggests that members of this protein family
have undergone subfunctionalization to diverge from their core
functions. This paper is of interest to those who research evolution of
protein function as well as the to those interested in the control of
the circadian clock.
Tong M, Lee K, Ezer D, Cortijo S, Jung J, Charoensawan V, Box MS, Jaeger K, Takahashi N, Mas P, Wigge PA, Seo PJ (2019) The Evening Complex establishes repressive chromatin domains via H2A.Z deposition. Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1104/pp.19.00881
This
collaboration between the UK and South Korea is led by Meixuezi Tong
and investigates how the Evening Complex (EC) component of the circadian
clock interacts with chromatin to control gene expression at dusk. This
occurs through direct interaction with the SWI2/SNF2-RELATED complex
and together they bind to the core clock genes PRR7 and PRR9, causing
the deposition of H2A.Z at these loci subsequent to causing their
repression at dusk.
Anwer MU, Davis A, Davis SJ, Quint M (2019) Photoperiod sensing of the circadian clock is controlled by EARLY FLOWERING 3 and GIGANTEA. Plant J. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14604
Amanda
Davies and Seth Davies from the University of York are co-authors on
this German-led study with Muhammad Anwer as both first and
corresponding author. They look at the role of important circadian
regulators ELF3 and GIGANTEA through generation of previously unanalysed
elf3gi double mutants. In these plants the circadian oscillator
fails to synchronize to light-dark cycles even under diurnal conditions,
demonstrating that these genes act together to convey photoperiod
sensing to the central oscillator.
Zhang Y, Yang M, Duncan S, Yang X, Abdelhamid MAS, Huang L, Zhang H, Benfey PN, Waller ZAE, Ding Y (2019) G-quadruplex structures trigger RNA phase separation. Nucleic Acids Res. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz978 Open Access
Yueying Zhang is
the first author of this study conducted in the lab of Yiliang Ding at
the John Innes Centre, in collaboration with the Benfey lab in the USA.
They reveal an exciting mode of regulating RNA activity through the
formation of RNA G-quadruplex (GQ) complexes. They use the SHORTROOT
mRNA as the model for this study, showing that GQ-mediated complex
formation can bring liquid-liquid phase separation. This study is of
fundamental importance as it provides the first evidence that RNA can
adopt structural motifs to trigger and/or maintain the specificity of
RNA-driven phase separation.
Seung D, Echevarría-Poza A, Steuernagel B, Smith AM (2019) Natural polymorphisms in Arabidopsis result in wide variation or loss of the amylose component of starch. Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1104/pp.19.01062 Open Access
David Seung
at the John Innes Centre the first and corresponding author of this
study that used data from the Arabidopsis 1135 Genome project to
investigate the prevelance of amylose production. Plants with
amylose-free starch have no detrimental phenotypes so the function of
this glucose-polymer, that accounts for up to 30% of all natural starch,
is unknown. They looked at the polymorphisms within the GRANULE-BOUND
STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) enzyme, identifying natural accessions that have
no GBSS activity yet are viable within their natural environments. This
study is a prelude to future research that will discover the adaptive
significance of amylose.
Leitão N, Dangeville P, Carter R, Charpentier M (2019) Nuclear calcium signatures are associated with root development. Nat Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12845-8 Open Access
Nuno Leitao is first author on this research from the Charpentier lab
at the John Innes Centre. They looked at the role of nuclear Ca2+
signalling on primary root meristem development and auxin homeostasis
through activity of the nuclear membrane localised ion channel DOES NOT
MAKE INFECTIONS 1 (DMI1). This study discovers a previously
unappreciated role for intracellular Ca2+ signalling during plant
development.
Łangowski Ł, Goñi O, Quille P, Stephenson P, Carmody N, Feeney E, Barton D, Østergaard L, O’Connell S (2019 A
plant biostimulant from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Sealicit)
reduces podshatter and yield loss in oilseed rape through modulation of
IND expression. Sci Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52958-0 Open Access
Lars
Ostergaard is a co-author on this Irish-study led by Lukasz Łangowski
that investigates the factors that control pod shatter in oil seed rape.
They show that the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum-based
biostimulant (Sealicit) is able to reduce podshatter by effecting the
expression of the major regulator of pod shattering, INDEHISCENT. This
has implications for the use of this compound by farmers wanting to
reduce the amount of seed loss due to premature pod shatter.
Rooney WM, Grinter RW, Correia A, Parkhill J, Walker DC, Milner JJ (2019) Engineering bacteriocin-mediated resistance against the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Plant Biotechnol J. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13294 Open Access
William Rooney at the University of Glasgow is lead author on this study that attempts to combat Pseudomonas syringae
infections through expression of a novel protein antibiotic
bacteriocin, putidacin. They show that transgenic expression of this
bacterial protein provides effective protection against Pseudomonas.
This proof of concept opens the possibility for more widespread use of
bacteriocins as an effective plant protection strategy.
Yang W, Schuster C, Prunet N, Dong Q, Landrein B, Wightman R, Meyerowitz EM (2019) Visualization of Protein Coding, Long Non-coding and Nuclear RNAs by FISH in Sections of Shoot Apical Meristems and Developing Flowers. Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1104/pp.19.00980 This extended methods paper is led by Weibing Yang at the Sainsbury lab in Cambridge. They have adapted RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (rnaFISH) to explore RNA localization in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis. They are able to label mRNA as well as long ncRNAs and have developed double labeling to assay two separate RNAs in the same cell and to assess nucleo-cytoplasmic separation of RNA species. Finally they link rnaFISH with fluorescence immunocytochemistry for the simultaneous localization of a single genes mRNA and protein.
Yasrab R, Atkinson JA, Wells DM, French AP, Pridmore TP, Pound MP (2019) RootNav 2.0: Deep learning for automatic navigation of complex plant root architectures. Gigascience. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giz123 Open Access
Robail Yasrab is lead author on this work from the University of Nottingham that introduces the RootNav2.0 software tool.
This was developed by modern deep-learning approaches and allows the
fully automated measurement of vertically growth root systems.
RootNav2.0 was favourably compared with its semi-automated predecessor
RootNav1.0 and can be used for measurement of root architectures from a
range of different plant species.
Román Á, Golz JF, Webb AA, Graham IA, Haydon MJ (2019) Combining GAL4 GFP enhancer trap with split luciferase to measure spatiotemporal promoter activity in Arabidopsis. Plant J. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14603
This technical advance is led by Angela Roman, was in the Haydon lab
during its time at the University of York. They have used the GAL4-GFP
enhancer trap system, to develop a tissue-specific split luciferase
assay for non-invasive detection of spatiotemporal gene expression in
Arabidopsis. In this example they use the study to measure dynamics of
circadian gene expression but is clearly applicable to answer many other
experimental questions.
Herrmann HA, Schwartz JM, Johnson GN (2019) From empirical to theoretical models of light response curves – linking photosynthetic and metabolic acclimation. Photosynth Res. doi: 10.1007/s11120-019-00681-2 Open Access
Helena Herrmann is lead author on this work fro the University of Manchester. In this study they developed and then empirically tested a series of simple kinetic models that explains the metabolic changes that are required to alter light response curves (LRCs) across a range of temperatures. This allowed them to show how changes in NADPH and CO2 utilization respond to environmental changes. This provides useful information as to how a plant adapts its metabolic response to light depending on the growth temperature.
Helena explaining her research
Kromdijk J, Głowacka K, Long SP (2019) Photosynthetic efficiency and mesophyll conductance are unaffected in Arabidopsis thaliana aquaporin knock-out lines. J Exp Bot. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz442
Open Access Wanne Kromdijk
leads this US-led research that includes contributions from the
Universities of Cambridge and Lancaster. They looked at the potential
role of membrane-bound aquaporins in the control of diffusion
conductance for CO2 transfer from substomatal cavity to chloroplast
stroma (gm). They tested three aquaporin mutants across a range of
light and CO2 concentrations and surprisingly found that they appear to
play no significant contribution to the control of gm. The reporting of
this type of ‘negative’ result will prevent unnecessary replication of experiments and help to streamline the research process.
Wang
P, Pleskot R, Zang J, Winkler J, Wang J, Yperman K, Zhang T, Wang K,
Gong J, Guan Y, Richardson C, Duckney P, Vandorpe M, Mylle E, Fiserova
J, Van Damme D, Hussey PJ (2019) Plant AtEH/Pan1 proteins drive autophagosome formation at ER-PM contact sites with actin and endocytic machinery. Nat Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12782-6 Open Access
Pengwei
Wang is first author in this research led from Durham University that
incudes Chinese and Belgian collaborators. They show that the AtEH/Pan1
protein is involved with actin cytoskeleton regulated autophagy and
recruits multiple other components to autophagosomes during this
process. In addition they show vesicle bound-AtEH/Pan1 interact with
VAP27-1 at the ER-PM. This demonstrates that AtEH/Pan1 is a key
component of the autophagy-dependent degradation pathway.
Lyczakowski JJ, Bourdon M, Terrett OM, Helariutta Y, Wightman R, Dupree P (2019) Structural Imaging of Native Cryo-Preserved Secondary Cell Walls Reveals the Presence of Macrofibrils and Their Formation Requires Normal Cellulose, Lignin and Xylan Biosynthesis. Front Plant Sci. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01398 Open Access
Jan Lyczakowski from the Dupree lab at the University of Cambridge is first author on this study that has adapted low temperature scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) to visualize the cell walls of both angiosperm and gymnosperms. They have used Arabidopsis mutants to reveal that cell wall macrofibrils at composed of cellulose, xylan, and lignin. They demonstrate that cryo-SEM is a useful tool for native nanoscale cell wall architectures.
Rasool B, Karpinska B, Pascual J, Kangasjärvi S, Foyer CH (2019) Catalase,
glutathione and protein phosphatase 2A-dependent organellar redox
signalling regulate aphid fecundity under moderate and high irradiance. Plant Cell Environ. doi: 10.1111/pce.13669 Brwa
Rasool is first author on this collaboration between the Universities
of Birmingham and Helsinki that looks at how aphids respond to redox
changes in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under different light
conditions. They also identified defence-related transcription factors
differentially upregulated by aphid predation in different light
conditions. Overall they show aphid fecundity is in part determined by
the plants cellular redox signaling.
Őszi E, Papdi C, Mohammed B, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Vaskó-Leviczky T, Molnár E, Ampudia CG, Khan S, Lopez-Juez E, Horváth B, Bögre L, Magyar Z (2019) E2FB interacts with RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED and regulates cell proliferation during leaf development. Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1104/pp.19.00212 Erika Oszi is first author of this Hungarian-led research that includes co-authors from Royal Holloway University of London. This research looks at the interaction between the transcription factors E2FB and RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) and how this contributes to cell proliferation during organ development in Arabidopsis leaves. The relationship between these proteins changes throughout the stages of leaf development and is critical to determine final leaf cell number.
At the end of October GARNet hosted a workshop on the the 3d RNAseq App that has been developed by Wenbin Guo and Runxuan Zhang at the James Hutton Institute. Workshop schedule and attendees can be downloaded here (PDF).
The 3D RNA-Seq Analysis Tool is designed for the comprehensive differential expression, alternative splicing analysis and visualisation of RNASeq Data.
It runs the analysis through a user-friendly graphical interface, that can handle complex experimental designs, allows user setting of statistical parameters, visualizes the results through graphics and tables, and generates publication quality figures and customerised analysis reports.
The program is designed to be run by biologists with minimal bioinformatics experience (or by bioinformaticians) allowing lab scientists to take control of the analysis of their RNA-seq data.
The designers also provide a explanation on how RNAseq FastQ reads can be processed through Salmon or Kallisto using the Galaxy platform.
This entire process allows non-experts to take their raw data through to detailed outputs within a couple of days!
Instructional documents can be downloaded here and please check out the accompanying YouTube video.
A group of African early career researchers
feature in a new short film about vector-borne plant viruses that devastate crops in Sub-Saharan African countries.
The seven-minute film focuses on the ground-breaking Virus-Vector Vice-Versa training course for early career researchers, run by the CONNECTED Network, which took place at The University of Bristol, UK, in summer 2019.
A group of early career researchers
from 11 African countries took up fully-funded places at the course. The film features interviews with delegates discussing:
what they learned on the course
how they will
use their new skills and knowledge, and
the value to them of the collaborative
CONNECTED network.
There are also clips from interviews
with:
Prof. Nicola Spence, Defra,
UK (Chair of the CONNECTED Management Board)
Prof. Gary Foster, University
of Bristol (CONNECTED Network Director)
Prof. Susan Seal, Natural Resources
Institute, University of Greenwich (CONNECTED Management Board member).
In
the film Prof. Foster says: “CONNECTED
is sowing the seeds of a new generation of collaborators, whose work
will transform African agriculture for the next 20 to 30 years.”
Waqas Khokhar from Canterbury Christ Church University in Kent talks to GARNet about a new publication in Frontiers in Plant Science on ‘Genome-Wide Identification of Splicing Quantitative Trait Loci (sQTLs) in Diverse Ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana‘. Waqas has produced a really exciting dataset that will be of great use to many other researchers!
This edition of the GARNet Research Roundup begins with a pan-UK study that has identified a gene involved in starch granule formation in polyploid wheat. Second is a study from Canterbury that identifies Arabidopsis QTLs involved in alternative splicing. Third is research from Cambridge that investigates the role of the nuclear circadian oscillator on sub-cellular calcium fluctuations. The fourth paper describes the development of a computer-vision tool designed for automated measurements of wheat spikes in the field. The fifth paper is a Korean-led study that has identified a transcription factor involved in pollen development and includes co-authors from Leicester. Last is a study from the University of Warwick that has looked into light-regulated gene expression during bulb initiation in onion.
Chia T, Chirico M, King R, Ramirez-Gonzalez R, Saccomanno B, Seung D,
Simmonds J, Trick M, Uauy C, Verhoeven T, Trafford K (2019) A
carbohydrate-binding protein, B-GRANULE CONTENT 1, influences starch
granule size distribution in a dose-dependent manner in polyploid wheat. J Exp Bot. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz405 Open Access
Tansy Chia
is lead author on this study that brings together three of the UKs
major plant breeding research centres; NIAB, Rothamsted and the JIC.
They take advantage of the new genomic tools and mutant populations
available in wheat to characterize the complex role of the BGC1
(B-GRANULE CONTENT 1) gene during formation of B-type starch granules.
Khokhar W, Hassan MA, Reddy ASN, Chaudhary S, Jabre I, Byrne LJ, Syed NH (2019) Genome-Wide Identification of Splicing Quantitative Trait Loci (sQTLs) in Diverse Ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana Front Plant Sci. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01160 Open Access
This work from Canterbury Christ Church University is led by Waqas Khokhar
and Naeem Syed. They analysed 666 diverse Arabidopsis ecotypes to look
for splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs)] that alter rates of
alternative splicing. They identified a number of trans-sQTLs hotspots
that align with known functional SNPs. This study provides the first
sQTL resource across diverse ecotypes that can be used to compliment
other available genome and transcriptome datasets.
Martí Ruiz MC, Jung HJ, Webb AAR (2019) Circadian gating of dark-induced increases in chloroplast- and cytosolic-free calcium in Arabidopsis. New Phytol. doi: 10.1111/nph.16280
María Carmen Martí Ruiz is lead author on this research undertaken in Alex Webb’s lab
in Cambridge. They have looked at the role of the circadian clock in
the control of calcium fluctuations in both cytoplasm and chloroplast
stroma. They show the extent these changes are dependent on a
nuclear-encoded circadian oscillator, adding a new role in sub-cellular
Ca2+ signaling to the circadian machinery.
Sadeghi-Tehran P, Virlet N, Ampe EM, Reyns P, Hawkesford MJ (2019) DeepCount:
In-Field Automatic Quantification of Wheat Spikes Using Simple Linear
Iterative Clustering and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Front Plant Sci. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01176 Open Access
Pouria Sadeghi-Tehran
leads this theorectical study from Rothamsted Research that has
developed an automated ‘DeepCount’ system for quantifying wheat spikes
in the field. They use a deep convolutional neural network to test their
program on field images and compare this method to other automated
systems based on edge detection techniques and morphological analysis.
Overall they show that this method has potential toward development of a
portable and smartphone-assisted wheat-ear counting systems, that will
have the associated benefits of counting accuracy and reduced labour.
Oh SA, Hoai TNT, Park HJ, Zhao M, Twell D, Honys D, Park SK (2019) MYB81, a microspore-specific GAMYB transcription factor, promotes pollen mitosis I and cell lineage formation in Arabidopsis. Plant J. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14564
Mingmin Zhao and David Twell are
co-authors on this project led by Sung‐Aeong Oh and Korean colleagues.
After screening pollen cell patterning mutants they have identified a
role for the GAMYB transcription factor MYB81 during a narrow window
prior to pollen mitosis I. They demonstrate that this protein is
essential for establishing the male cell lineage in Arabidopsis pollen.
Rashid MHA, Cheng W, Thomas B (2019) Temporal and Spatial Expression of Arabidopsis Gene Homologs Control Daylength Adaptation and Bulb Formation in Onion (Allium cepa L.). Sci Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51262-1Open Access
This collaboration between the University of Warwick and Bangladesh Agricultural University is led by Harun Ar Rashid. They look at genetic regulation of light-dependent onion bulb initiation by growing plants under short and long days and testing the expression of known regulators of flowering time; AcFT, Ac LFY and AcGA3ox1. They also performed tissue-specific analysis to demonstrate differences in expression patterns that begin to suggest how these genes are involved in bulb initiation.
Over the past thirty years the Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee (MASC) has represented the global Arabidopsis community through its collaborative oversight of the annual International Conference on Arabidopsis Research (ICAR), production of a MASC annual report and preparation of the series of decadal Roadmaps that have helped coordinate the future activities of the community. In[…]
https://meetings.embo.org/event/20-plant-systems This EMBO Workshop on international Plant Systems Biology (iPSB) is the central gathering of plant systems biology researchers from across the world. Climate change poses unique challenges for how to feed and power humanity without further degrading the environment. Plant science therefore is a key discipline in meeting the challenge of adapting food and[…]
The spring season of #UKPlantSciPresents begins on January 12th and we have a strong schedule set until the end of April! Each webinar is at Tuesday afternoon at 3pm GMT (or BST)! Registration is free and webinars will be made freely available soon after the event. Although closed captioning/subtitles are not available for live webinars,[…]
The previously awesome #GARNetPresents webinar series is morphing into the #UKPlantSciPresents webinar series. This series has the aim of promoting plant science excellence across the UK! UK plant science research uses many different experimental organisms such as Arabidopsis, Wheat, Brassicas, Brachypodium, Marchantia, Physomitrella and many others. This webinar series is supported by both GARNet and[…]
Contents: – Society Updates– Introducing Quantitative Plant Biology– Congratulations to Ottoline Leyser– Conference Updates– Bacterial Plant Diseases Programme– Introducing CHAP– Twenty Years of GARNet– GARNet Research Roundup– MASC Publication Update– Plant RNA Interactome Capture– Update on new BBSRC Projects– Spotlight on University of Nottingham Download here: https://www.garnetcommunity.org.uk/sites/default/files/newsltr/GARNish33_Online_Final_0.pdf
Marcel Bach-Pages works with Gail Preston at the University of Oxford and we discuss a new protocol to identify the RNA-Binding Proteome from Arabidopsis leaves. This community-focused work includes full instructions for use of the protocol and they provide an accessible list of proteins that they have identified. This research is published in Biomolecules and[…]
This edition of GARNet Research Roundup begins with a remarkable four papers that include work from Caroline Dean’s lab at the John Innes Centre. The first two papers are collaborations with members of Martin Howard’s lab and look at the molecular mechanisms that control long-term cold sensing or the antisense regulation of FLC respectively. The[…]
Christos Velanis works at the University of Edinburgh and discusses work published in PloS Genetics entitled ‘The domesticated transposase ALP2 mediates formation of a novel Polycomb protein complex by direct interaction with MSI1, a core subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)‘. http://blog.garnetcommunity.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Velanis_edit-13072020-09.32.mp3Pumi Perera is co-first author on this work from the Goodrich lab that[…]
This has been a challenging time for both conference organisers and conference venues. Most 2020 plant science conferences have cancelled, postponed or majorly changed their events. Below is a non-exhaustive list of the changes that have been made to different conferences. Up to date as July 6th 2020. (download)
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